The only fairly well-know fact about Aristotle’s (384-322BCE) personal life that pertains to the field of practical politics is the fact that he had been the tutor of the adolescent Alexander (the future Alexander the Great) for several adolescent years before the prince ascended to the throne of Macedon and set off on a 13- or 14-year military and political conquest of everything and everyone east of Greece right on through the Persian Imperial rule over both Asia west of…..
Sophistry prefers broad and colorful generalizations. Rationally practical speech and patterns of thought build on reliable facts about nature, including human nature, without ignoring (i.e., “compartmentalizing” away) contradictions that appear as the logical inferences are constructed upward from the non-changing reliable facts at the bottom. Plato loved those generalized theories about perfect goals. Socrates could not stop asking questions about nature, especially when analogous to previously known ideas within nature. Aristotle says Socrates invented “inductive reasoning” by means of all…..
In my 70-year lifetime, as best I remember, the first ersatz-science to successfully fob itself off as a legitimate “natural science” was Economics. [Today the most prestigious universities (i.e., Sophists) fob off all kinds of crazy sophisticated bullshit fields as if they too were legitimate sciences, sometimes even as if they were legitimate “natural sciences.” ] Once an ersatz-science achieves the political status of a truly useful natural science, the (worldwide) Social Oligarchy accepts its pronouncements as the factual equivalent…..